Few days ago, I asked my students to search for the origins and use of the 'Middle East' expression and identify the most common stereotypes of the 'Middle East' and 'Middle Easterners'. Following the plenary session where they presented their findings, we discussed the importance of deconstructing 100+ year old taxonomy and theories.
By deconstruction, I mean the way Mohammed Arkoun defined it: leaving the limitations, the rigidity and deviations from the past; going beyond the binary system where 'Us' and 'Them' are forged, and where monolithic and fixed identities stuck in a conflictual dynamic are disseminated and transmitted from generation to the next. A deconstruction that would include the dismantlement of Othering, or the processes by which societies and groups exclude those whom they want to subordinate. 'Others' are usually created through animalization, naturalization and infantilization, delineated in Ella Shohat and Robert Stam's book Unthinking Eurocentrism. A deconstruction that would not be a final concept as in Derrida's approach, but would be followed by a reconstruction process, or the individual and collective search for re-invented identities that would serve the local/regional aspirations.
'Middle East', along with 'Near East' and 'Far East' are Eurocentric expressions that were coined at least a century ago in Europe, then used in North America and everywhere else. Remnants of the Colonialist era... So why do many in politics, business, media and academic institutions still use 'Middle East'? In most regions and countries, the cardinal directions are adopted - North, South, East, West and as such, we hear 'North America and South America', 'Asia Pacific' and 'South East Asia', even ' Central Asia'. We hear about 'North Africa' and 'South Africa', 'Central Europe', 'Southern Europe', etc. Yet, we do not hear 'West Asia' or 'Southwestern Asia', which is the geographically proper term for the region so-called 'Middle East'.
Unfortunately, the independence movements of the 20th century and the 'Arab Spring' did not bring a change in worldviews nor in the systems of thought and communication. Personally, I stopped using 'Middle East' and replaced it with 'West Asia' or 'Southwestern Asia'. It took me a while. Old habits break hard...
What about you?
(With my MEST 318 - Cultures of the 'Middle East' students - Workshop 1, Fall 2015 - American University in Dubai #audubai #uae)
Amazing work Dr. Chrabieh. Deconstruction is certainly needed. Our systems of thought are paralyzed. And yes we - most of us- internalized colonialism. It's part of who we are. Removing it and looking for alternatives must be so hard. It's like mutating.
ReplyDeleteLove your work Dr. Wish I was your student. I always follow your blogs and posts. Inspiring!! As for the word 'Middle East', I never thought of it before. It's embedded in our cultures and languages. We even translated it in Arabic al charq al awssat, and we use everywhere. Truly it's hard to think of the possibility of change, but as you explained it, it starts with the individual, and little by little, others will follow, or at least start asking questions and looking for other words.
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ReplyDeletewe will need 500 years to become independent in our minds and on our lands !! if we will still be here. the way I see it, we will soon disappear.
I also think that we will need lots of time to become collectively independent and capable of inventing our own words.
ReplyDeleteTo Mario: When you say 'capable', it means that you do believe in Eurocentrism or you internalized it. One of the strategies adopted by Eurcentrism is to define 'others' as 'incapable'... cause 'uncivilized' and 'immature' and uneducated.
ReplyDeleteI will adopting the same alternative expressions. Thank you for posting this information!
ReplyDeleteThank you all for your comments :) Stay tuned for more workshops and articles!
ReplyDeleteI will definitely start thinking of alternative expressions to Middle East. Enough taba3iyaa!
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