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L’icône et l’islam : Pamela Chrabieh
Émission Second Regard,
3 décembre 2006, Radio Canada
Un reportage de Jean-Robert Faucher
Merci Robert et à toute l'équipe de Second Regard!
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De Philippe Martin:
'Voici la onzième édition des portraits de blogueurs, avec Pamela Chrabieh Badine'.
On peut trouver l'entrevue sur Dailymotion, Cent Papiers et YULBUZZ.
Merci à Philippe et Christian Aubry!
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The commission also charged that the Israeli Army "was not ready for this war," according to a statement released by the commission, headed by retired Judge Eliyahu Winograd.
The 232-page report, officially released at a 5 p.m. news conference in Jerusalem, says Olmert acted hastily in leading the country to war last July 12, without having a comprehensive plan.
The report cited a "severe failure in the lack of judgment, responsibility and caution."
"I have no intention of resigning," Olmert was quoted by Israeli television as telling members of his Kadima party after the report was released. A snap Israel Radio poll said 69 percent of the public believed he should quit.
Calls for Olmert's resignation were made by politicians across party lines even before the commission's results were made public.
"Failures will be remedied," Olmert swore after receiving a copy of the panel's findings.
In Lebanon, Hizbullah welcomed news of the report.
The report "confirmed the inability of the Israeli political and military leadership to make the appropriate decision in confronting Hizbullah during the summer war," said Sheik Hassan Ezzedine, Hizbullah's most senior political officer in Southern Lebanon.
The Winograd Commission report piled blame on the prime minister. "We impose the primary responsibility for these failures on the prime minister, the minister of defense and the [resigned] chief of staff. All three made a decisive personal contribution," the report said.
"The prime minister bears supreme and comprehensive responsibility for the decisions of his government and the operations of the army. His responsibility for the failures in the initial decisions concerning the war stem from both his position and from his behavior ... The prime minister made up his mind hastily, despite the fact that no detailed military plan was submitted to him and without asking for one," the statement said.
The Winograd Commission also assailed Defense Minister Amir Peretz in the interim report, saying he had failed in performing his duties and undermined government-level decision-making.
"His role as defense minister during the war weakened the government's abilities to meet its challenges," Winograd said in a segment of the report read out to reporters.
There has been widespread speculation that Peretz, a former trade boss who took the defense portfolio as part of a coalition deal with Olmert, could be forced to step down. Peretz, who heads the center-left Labor Party, is not expected to survive a party election scheduled for next month.
"The minister of defense did not have knowledge or experience in military, political or governmental matters. He also did not have good knowledge of the basic principles of using military force to achieve political goals. Despite these serious gaps, he made his decisions during this period without systemic consultations ... His serving as minister of defense during the war impaired Israel's ability to respond well to its challenges," the statement said.
"The army and the chief of staff were not prepared for the event of the abduction despite recurring alerts. When the abduction happened, he responded impulsively," the statement said of Halutz.
White House spokesman Tony Snow refused to comment on the report, calling the findings "obviously, internal investigations within the Israeli government." Snow did say that US President George W. Bush views Olmert as "essential" to Middle East peace efforts.
Bush "works very closely with Prime Minister Olmert and thinks that he's essential in working toward a two-state solution. The president remains committed to it," said Snow.
Senior Palestinian officials however expressed concerns that the report, by discrediting the Israeli premier, also threatened Olmert's ability to conduct peace talks with the Palestinian leadership.
"We view this as an internal Israeli matter," Palestinian negotiator Saeb Erekat said of Monday's report. "We want to continue making peace with the Israeli government. Having said that, we hope that this report and the findings of this report will not further complicate and hinder attempts to revive the peace process."
Deputy Prime Minister Azzam al-Ahmed of Abbas' Fatah movement said he expected Olmert's domestic woes to overshadow his dealings with the Palestinians. "The difficulties are expected to increase after the report," said Ahmed. "Even before the report, I had pointed out that there is no real Israeli peace partner, because there is no strong government in Israel."
Hamas spokesman Fawzi Barhoum went further, connecting the increased violence in the Occupied Palestinian Territories with the increased impotence of the Olmert Cabinet.
Israel "reflects [its] failure onto the Palestinians ... Perhaps the increase in aggression by Israel in the past days, in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, comes in the context of Israel's failure," Barhoum said.
The interim report focuses on decisions relating to the start of the war, with attention paid to the balance between a speedy resolution and an extensive mission and the decisions by top military and political officials.
The Winograd panel has not ruled out calling for Olmert or Peretz to step down in a final report due to be published in a few months and has hinted that it will publish recommendations on steps to be taken.
The summer 2006 war was sparked by the capture of two Israeli soldiers during a cross-border raid by Hizbullah. In 34 days of fighting, Israel failed to accomplish Olmert's publicly stated goals of getting the soldiers or destroying Hizbullah.
Up to 1,191 Lebanese, the vast majority civilians, were killed in the fighting, as were 119 Israeli soldiers and 39 civilians, according to official figures from the two sides.
Les familles de Libanais détenus en Syrie interpellent les Nations Unies et le gouvernement
01 Mai 2007
IRIN
Les activistes libanais exhortent les Nations Unies et le gouvernement libanais à accroître la pression sur Damas pour que le régime syrien divulgue les dernières informations concernant les quelque 600 Libanais détenus dans les prisons syriennes depuis les années 1970.
Depuis le retrait des forces de Damas du Liban, conformément à la résolution 1559 adoptée par les Nations Unies en avril 2005, 643 prisonniers auraient été incarcérés dans des prisons syriennes, selon l’ONG Solide. Ghazi Aad et d’autres activistes poussent les Nations Unies à reconnaître que l’application de la résolution 1559 - qui exige le retrait de toutes les forces étrangères du Liban - par la Syrie demeurera incomplète tant que Damas ne fournira pas des renseignements sur les prisonniers libanais portés disparus et qu’elle est supposée détenir. Par le passé, les gouvernements libanais, sous mainmise syrienne, niaient l’existence de prisonniers libanais en Syrie. En 1995, Beyrouth a promulgué une loi stipulant que toute personne disparue pendant la guerre civile était officiellement morte. En outre, la Syrie a également nié, à plusieurs occasions, détenir des ressortissants libanais dans ses prisons. Cependant, en 2000, des détenus libanais ont été libérés, après avoir été enlevés au Liban et passé plusieurs années en prison. « Dépêchez-vous » Sur la dernière photographie que Violette Nassif a de son fils Johnny, ce dernier est vêtu d’un t-shirt sur lequel est écrit « Dépêchez-vous ». Cette image hante Mme Nassif depuis 17 ans, lorsque le jeune caporal de l’armée libanaise a été enlevé puis emprisonné à Damas, avec quelque 150 autres soldats, après la victoire syrienne sur l’armée libanaise en 1990. Des larmes coulent sur le visage de Violette Nassif lorsqu’elle se souvient des années d’efforts vains pour, dans un premier temps, retrouver son fils qui aurait maintenant 34 ans s’il était toujours en vie, puis essayer de le ramener au Liban. « Après la disparition de Johnny, en 1990, j’ai cherché son corps pendant des semaines, à la morgue, dans les hôpitaux et dans les prisons. Puis, des amis en Syrie m’ont annoncé qu’il avait été transféré à Damas », a confié Mme Nassif, alors qu’elle se trouvait à l’extérieur des bâtiments des Nations Unies à Beyrouth. En novembre 1990, un mois après la disparition de son fils, Violette Nassif a reçu un télégramme de la part d’un officier de l’armée libanaise annonçant que Johnny et cinq autre Libanais n’étaient pas morts, mais emprisonnés en Syrie. Quatre ans plus tard, Mme Nassif est finalement parvenue à rendre visite à son fils, incarcéré dans la prison centrale de Damas. Elle l’a revu deux ans plus tard, pour la dernière fois. Puis, en 2001, un ancien détenu libanais a déclaré à Violette Nassif avoir été dans la même prison que Johnny et lui a annoncé que son fils était encore en vie. Portée par l’espoir de revoir un jour son fils, Violette Nassif manifeste devant le siège des Nations Unies, attendant des informations qui ne viennent jamais. « Le gouvernement nous a abandonnés, en conséquence, une enquête indépendante internationale doit être menée. Cela fait maintenant deux années que nous manifestons. S’attendent-ils à nous voir mourir aussi? Pourquoi ne recherchent-ils pas leurs soldats portés disparus? », a-t-elle déploré. Les responsables syriens ont annoncé qu’ils mèneraient leur propre enquête afin de retrouver les quelque 800 Syriens disparus au Liban. « Les crimes commis par le Liban sur les citoyens syriens ont été pour la plupart motivés par la haine politique, dans le but de diviser le Liban en de petits états dévoués aux gouvernements d’Israël », a dit, l’année dernière, le député Faysal Kalthoum, porte-parole du Comité National pour les Syriens disparus au Liban, au quotidien syrien Tishrine. Ghassan Moukheiber, député libanais et président de la Commission parlementaire des droits de l’homme, a déclaré la semaine dernière que la commission étudierait tous les dossiers des Libanais disparus en Syrie, en Israël et en Libye. « Il est grand temps que nous nous penchions sur cette question humanitaire et morale afin de dévoiler la vérité sur ceux qui sont toujours en vie et sur ceux qui ne le sont plus », a-t-il conclu.
« Who ever tries to annihilate the will of one of the communities of the country is trying to annihilate Lebanon » Michel Chiha.1
Lebanon is composed from 18 different communities which are confessional entities. No single community forms a dominant majority. Each community is a minority. The constitution develops a regime based on confessional democracy where every confession is attributed a key position in the state as a symbol of its power and its influence. In order to prevail over other communities, each of them formed lines of alliances with foreign countries. As a consequence the independence of Lebanon became fragile, sensible to external influences that weakened its state and contributed in activating internal conflicts that led into civil war.
Lebanon became divided into two parts. The power of the state vanished. The republic found itself without a president, in a condition where existed simultaneously two prime ministers in each part of the country acting as the legal head of the state. The demarcation line that divided Beirut into two parts embodied this conflict between the communities and their different views on the living. Major public spaces that reflected the space of dialogue and democracy were destroyed. Public life became non existent. Democracy was perverted. Separation became the condition of living. Spaces of Barriers were formed.
The project takes as a starting point this condition of living (illustrated by the composition of Bar_riers), as well as the particular composition of the population. It aims to activate a process of contamination between them by inserting internal spaces of common use or shared spaces that have no predefined form “a priori”. The purpose of this choice is to define forms for future public spaces that derive from the specific use of the common spaces by the communities, instead of imposing imported forms of public space into which they have to fit in.
The space that result from such a composition functions as a labyrinth in which is simulated the condition of total loss (Bars are 436 meters long) in order to create an interiority (polygonal forms) that activates the contamination between the different communities.
1-Michel Chiha is considered the “father of the Lebanese constitution”- Rf: D.Ammoun, Histoire contemporaine du Liban, Fayard, Octobre 1997. page 304-305.