Friday, November 28, 2008

EUROPEAN STUDENTS’ UNIVERSITY FORUM IN LEBANON 2008

SAPIENZA UNIVERSITY OF ROME – IN COLLABORATION WITH UL, USEK, ITALIAN EMBASSY IN LEBANON, ITALIAN INSTITUTE OF CULTURE IN LEBANON, ITALIAN MINISTRY OF DEFENCE, COI, UNIFIL, EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

INTRODUCTIONS BY DR. PAMELA CHRABIEH BADINE (RESEARCHER AND PROFESSOR, REPRESENTING USEK- Lebanon)

26th November 2008 (UL, Lebanon)

SESSION I (12.00 PM)

University Cooperation promoting Human Rights,
Fundamental Freedoms and the promotion of solidarity
Democracy and integration process

1) There are several definitions for human rights. The most common one in the Western literature often uses the term “human rights” for both natural rights (rights that derive from nature) and civil rights (rights that derive from society, or the social contract). This definition is found in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) which is known to set the “global standards”, including the right to health, education, shelter, employment, property, food, fair trial, freedom of speech, thought and movement, freedom from torture and slavery, etc. Even if most countries ratified this Declaration, its implementation is not generalized. For some scholars, this reality is seen negatively. For others, it is a natural situation, because each country builds its system of rights and liberties according to local traditions, customs, culture and political system. Furthermore, human rights and freedoms exist in every civilization and religion throughout the history of mankind, from the Mesopotamian Codes of Hammurabi to the present day. This puts forward the concept of cultural relativism. One thing for sure is that there is no consensus concerning the vision of human rights and freedoms, whether on a global scale or within Lebanon. The debate is continuous between universalistic and cultural relativism promoters. Any cooperation, and especially between universities on a international level, should bare this in mind and work accordingly.

2) There are several definitions for democracy. The most common one found in the Western literature could be summarized in the following:

· the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives

· a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

· majority rule: the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group

It is important to consider, in the broader arena, two general objections to the advocacy of democracy that have recently gained much ground in international debates and which tend to color discussions of foreign affairs. There are, first, doubts about what democracy can achieve in poorer or ‘under-developed’ countries. Is democracy not a barrier that obstructs the process of development and deflects attention from the priorities of economic and social change, such as providing adequate food, raising income per head, and carrying out institutional reform? It is also argued that democratic governance can be deeply illiberal and can inflict suffering on those who do not belong to the ruling majority in a democracy. Are vulnerable groups not better served by the protection that authoritarian governance or other political systems can provide? For example in Lebanon, the social-political system is called ‘Consociative Democracy’, allowing Christian and Islamic communities to equally rule the country. This system does need reforms, especially when it comes to individual rights and liberties, and freedom of beliefs beyond the religious ones. But these reforms should not allow minorities to be excluded.

The second line of attack concentrates on historical and cultural doubts about advocating democracy for people who do not, allegedly, "know" it. The endorsement of democracy as a general rule for all people, whether by national or international bodies or by human rights activists, is frequently castigated on the ground that it involves an attempted imposition of Western values and Western practices on non-Western societies. The argument goes much beyond acknowledging that democracy is a predominantly Western practice in the contemporary world, as it certainly is. It takes the form of presuming that democracy is an idea of which the roots can be found exclusively in some distinctively Western thought that has flourished uniquely in Europe--and nowhere else--for a very long time.

In understanding where the two lines of attack on democratization respectively go wrong, it is crucial to appreciate that democracy has demands that transcend the ballot box.

Indeed, voting is only one way--though certainly a very important way--of making public discussions effective, when the opportunity to vote is combined with the opportunity to speak, and to listen, without fear. The force and the reach of elections depend critically on the opportunity for open public discussion. The championing of pluralism, diversity, and basic liberties can be found in the history of many societies. The long traditions of encouraging and protecting public debates on political, social, and cultural matters in, say, India, China, Japan, Korea, Iran, Turkey, the Arab world, and many parts of Africa, demand much fuller recognition in the history of democratic ideas. This global heritage is ground enough to question the frequently reiterated view that democracy is just a Western idea, and that democracy is therefore just a form of Westernization.

A fuller understanding of the demands of democracy and of the global history of democratic ideas may contribute substantially to better inter-university cooperation. It may also help to remove some of the artificial cultural fog that obscures the appraisal of current practices.

SESSION II (3.00 PM)

Common security policy and international cooperation for peace

Political-economical cooperation

1) Security can be defined as "the state of being free from unacceptable risks". War or conflicts are particular unacceptable risks that concern us as Lebanese. For some scholars and experts, being free from these risks demand one of the following processes or both of them: Peacemaking or ending violence – silencing the weapons -; Peacekeeping or preventing violence from reoccuring – this is for example the UNIFIL mission at the southern Lebanese border.

2) As for peace, it concerns three intermingling processes – one step further than security: Peacemaking; Peacekeeping; and Peacebuilding or edifying conviviality within a society, with its diaspora and with other societies. Conviviality is not coexistence, nor tolerance. It is based on mutual respect of rights and freedoms, on their fulfillment, on dialogue, on solidarity, on the living and working together – in French ‘le vivre ensemble’ – in order to reach a better management of the diversity of identities, visions and practices – whether political, economical, religious, cultural, linguistic, generational, etc. This vision of peace is based on a vision of war as defined by the Lebanese Psychiatrist Adnan Houballah in his book ‘Le virus de la violence’ (The Virus of Violence, Albin Michel, 1996) that includes a physical or visible process (combats, negotiations, treaties) and a psychological or invisible process (trauma, suffering, bruised memories, torn identities, prejudice, stereotype, absence of dialogue and solidarity). In this perspective, Lebanon is in a continuous state of war, especially since the 70s, and breaking the cycle of this war requires the 3 Ps.

Given the latter, I think that any cooperation between universities on an international level should not seek a common understanding on security policies but a broader agreement and action plan. Security measures could be included but would not be sufficient.

3) It is widely recognized that national development depends partly on the wealth of natural resources (economic development), capital resources (capital construction), as well as on human resources (building talented work forces). Industry and enterprises are economic entities of national productivity and basis of capital construction. Universities are the continuing education training ground for these industry and enterprises. In order for the university to educate a compatible and adaptable talented work force, increase the level of scientific research and the achievement in scientific research conversion rate, there must be an establishment of a close cooperation with enterprises. Through cooperation with enterprises, the university can accurately map out its own development direction, improve teacher's practical ability, enhance the education quality and strengthen its personnel training capability. In that perspective, inter-university cooperation in economical issues could pay close attention to the formulation of joint programs and concrete content with enterprises, which have to primarily include new theories, technologies and methodologies.

Additionally, it is worth stating that the training content more useful and valuable for students of enterprises if it is integrated nicely with the realistic demands from the enterprise. A training program which has achieved this goal is the most effective and is welcomed by the industry. Through cooperation with enterprises, whether local or foreign, the communications of educators, engineers and technicians are greatly enhanced. This does not only speed up the process of transforming scientific research products, but also helps solve those urgent problems of enterprise. Both universities and enterprises can then share intellectual properties of scientific research and technology

4) Finally, inter-university cooperation could contribute to identifying political reforms such as the electoral law or the implementation of a common civil personal status, to creating political awareness and empowering minorities of conditions – women, youth, Diaspora members, religious minorities’ adepts, to analyzing the impacts of regional conflicts on local contexts, etc. In October 2008, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut and the University of Montreal organized a symposium on managing religious diversity while tackling the issues of the political systems in Lebanon and Quebec.

----------------------------------------

Genuine love

By Michele Chrabieh

December 2nd, 2008

I lost my pen in an emotional roller coaster, one of those we are bound to ride till the day we fade away… yet the past few months made me value more the embryo of temporary moments of pleasure and love. Moments I could only breathe and not convey through words. Today, words appear still relatively weak vis-à-vis such moments, but they remain my sole remedy and cure.

Again it’s in Beirut that the roller coaster was activated. We lived street combats, which reminded us of the 1975 war we feared to live again. We were fooled by what we call “love”, the Achilles’ heel, yet again egotism, weakness, fear of responsibility and doubt conquered. We experienced death and sickness in the family, which strengthened our belief in life and genuine love… But in Beirut, we constantly rise from our wounds stronger and more determined to live and let go…In Beirut, we live and survive…In Beirut, we realize and Love again and again…

------------------------

True Pain

By Michele Chrabieh in Beirut

Wednesday December 3rd, 2008

Dedicated to JVA

Pain will begin when you will start peeling your life moment by moment…especially as of those moments of solitude and fury…when I met and got to know you…

You will no longer weep, but stand still and hope such torture would stop. ‘Cause every lie and every little hurt you have done would last an eternity in the far end of your mind… Time is fluid with the damage created… and the hardest lesson is yet to come as you will learn about the consequences of the things you have done… inch by inch, detail by detail….You will strip everything down to truth and I bet it will hurt more than anything else… You will live an ever lasting painful awakening and I will step out the door with hesitation and sorrow yet with pride and vitality. In time, I will even look at those moments with fondness… and desire the alternative genuine path I have yet to discover. There is no place in my life for lies, except a temporary anger and pain…to be replaced soon with undying and unending love…


42 comments:

Anonymous said...

Bonjour Pamela, merci pour ces clarifications!
Une chose est certaine: les relations internationales sont loin d'atteindre la perfection: injustices, inegalites Nord-Sud et Est-Ouest, neo-colonialisme, etc.

L.

Anonymous said...

تعمل على مشروعها الأول »الطائفية ولغة الحوار«
»نحن«: جمعية شبابية ترفع التغيير شعاراً لها

نبيلة غصين

بعد عام ،٢٠٠٥ نشطت حركة تأسيس الجمعيات والتحركات الشبابية. ولكل جمعية هدفها الخاص الذي يتمحور حول شعار »التغيير«. ولطالما سمعنا عن تجمعات ضمت عدداً كبيراً من الشباب، وامتلكت أعمالاً ومشاريع انطفأ اسمها بعد مرور شهر أو شهرين على تأسيسها، فيحمل شبابها أغراضهم الفكرية والتغييرية، بحثاً عن جمعية أخرى تحتويهم. من هؤلاء من شعر بالملل، ومنهم من لمس صعوبة التغيير، فانصرف للاهتمام بمصلحته الشخصية، وبعضهم من تابع مسيره بحثاً عن تجربة جديدة.
»نحن« واحدة من هذه الجمعيات الشبابية »التغييرية« التي أسستها مجموعة من الطلاب في الجامعة اللبنانية عام .٢٠٠٣ صفة التغييرية هذه يطلقها رئيس الجمعية محمد أيوب، شارحاً الظروف التي رافقت مرحلة التأسيس. حينها، كان شباب »نحن« مجرد طلاب »يناضلون« من أجل إقامة نشاط مختلف، فأسسوا نادٍياً للسينما، ونادٍياً للمسرح، وآخر للرياضة، إضافة الى المعارض والحفلات. وكل هذه النشاطات كانت تقام بعد التعرض لمشاكل وضغوط تمارسها الأحزاب المسيطرة على كليات الجامعة اللبنانية. وبعد تخرجهم من الجامعة، قرر هؤلاء الشباب متابعة نشاطاتهم، فكانت »نحن«.
يعتبر أيوب أن الهدف الأساسي من تأسيس الجمعية هو إيجاد مفاهيم مشتركة، تحكم بين مختلف الناس من جميع الطوائف والأحزاب. فبرأيه، إن مشكلة الجمعيات الـ٤٠٠٠ الموجودة اليوم، والتي تعمل على تكوين مجتمع مدني أفضل، هي عدم وجود »رؤية« واضحة عند هؤلاء. فبحسب محمد، لا يستطيع أحد أخذ مفاهيم من أوروبا والدول الغربية وإسقاطها على المجتمع اللبناني، بل يجب الأخذ بعين الاعتبار واقع هذا المجتمع وحاجاته.
إذا ما دخلت على الموقع الإلكتروني الخاص بالجمعية، ستجد الأهداف التي تقوم عليها. وأبرزها: تشكيل خطاب مرنٍ يلائم الذهنية الاجتماعية والدينية والسياسية التي ينتمي اليها المجتمع اللبناني. دعم وتطوير الأبحاث الفكرية والدراسات الاجتماعية والإنسانية والعلمية للجيل الشاب والعمل على نشرها. بناء الوعي والفكر عبر إقامة الندوات الحوارية وتنشيط الحركة الثقافية والفكرية والسياسية بين الشباب، والعمل على تكريس المبادئ المدنية والمواطنية ونبذ الطائفية والعصبية الدينية.
انطلاقاً من هذه الأهداف، أطلقت »نحن« مشروعها الأول: »الطائفية... ولغة الحوار«. والمشروع عبارة عن ورشات عمل متتالية، تحاكي أهداف الجمعية على مستوى المضمون والأسلوب. أول هذه الورشات أقيمت السبت الفائت حول »إدارة الحوار«، تحت إشراف الأستاذ أحمد يوسف. وتخللتها تمارين ومحاور عدة، منها عقبات الحوار بين الأطراف التي تحكمها ثقافات وخلفيات نفسية كـ»ثقافة التناحر«، و»عقدة الضحية«. ومحور آخر عبارة عن تمارين من أجل »تغيير الأفكار المسبقة وتحسين التواصل«، من خلال فهم الخريطة الذهنية لتفكيرك ثم العمل على فهم الخريطة الذهنية للآخر. فيضع الأول نفسه مكان الثاني، لتقريب وجهات النظر والوصول إلى حلول.
نور نجار( ٢٦ عاماً) هو أحد المشتركين في الورشة التي ضمت عشرين مشتركاً. يتحدث نور عن جو التفاعل والإلفة الذي ساد الجلسة، ويصفه بالسلس وغير المعقد. ويعتبر أنه لم يكن هناك هدف أو مغزى من الورشة، بل مجرد اكتساب مهارات جديدة. نور الذي سمع بالورشة من خلال أحد الأصدقاء، وصف وجود مشاركين من مختلف الطوائف والخلفيات السياسية في الورشة بالفعال، حيث أعلن كل فرد عن خلفيته، بطريقة تمرين. ويعطي مثلاً حياً من الورشة: »كان لأطراف مشاركة رؤية متطرفة الى حد ما عن المسلمين. والتمارين ركزت على فكرة تقبل الآخر، ما ساهم في تعديل نظرة هؤلاء الى المسلمين«.
وتستكمل »نحن« ورشاتها المقررة ضمن مشروع »الطائفية... ولغة الحوار«، فتتناول قضايا الشباب ومشاكلهم. فتعقد ورشة حول المسرح، تحت إشراف الممثلة عايدة صبرا، من ٢٦ ولغاية ٣٠ الجاري. وورشة ثالثة تتعلق بالعمل الصحافي، تحت إدارة الزميل غسان الحجار في ١٠ و١١ من شهر كانون الثاني .٢٠٠٩ أما الورشة الأخيرة فتتعلق بـ»الجندر« تحت إدارة الأستاذ أحمد يوسف أيضاً في ٢٤ و٢٥ من الشهر المقبل.
يشرح لنا محمد كيفية انتقاء الطلبات التي تقدم عبر الموقع الإلكتروني: أولاً أن يكون عمر المرشح للمشاركة بين ١٨ و ٢٥ سنة، بهدف التركيز على هذه الفئة العمرية. وطالما أن العدد المطلوب لكل ورشة محدد، فسوف يلحظ تمثيل كافة المناطق، وبالتالي التمثيل الطائفي، إضافة إلى الخبرة التي يمتلكها الفرد كل بحسب مجاله.
يفترض محمد ان النقاش سوف يدخل في عمق هموم الشباب ومشاكله، من الجنس، فالبطالة، إلى الاختلاف الفكري. وبما أن المشتركين هم من خلفيات فكرية مختلفة، فسيكون دور المشرف تقريب وجهات النظر وتحليل جميع هذه الأفكار. والهدف: أن يصل هؤلاء الشباب إلى قواسم مشتركة يضعونها بأنفسهم نتيجة ممارستهم ونقاشاتهم، إضافة إلى إيجاد مساحات لهؤلاء الشباب كي ينشروا هذه الأفكار والاستنتاجات، فعلى سبيل المثال سيتم نشر كل المواضيع المطروحة في ورشة الصحافة في إحدى الصحف المحلية.
يركز محمد المربك بكيفية إيصال الرسالة أو الصورة بشكلها الصحيح على معالجة الدوافع النفسية للمشتركين، فبرأيه »إن الإنسان يبني قناعاته على أسس عاطفية أو نتيجة خوف ما، فلا يمكن لشخص مشوه أن يبني فكراً ومجتمعاً«. لذا فإن هذه الجلسات سوف تكون بمثابة محاولة لبناء إنسان من جديد، كما يقترح محمد.

Anonymous said...

Lebanon: Interview on Migrant Workers
Interview with Nadim Houry of Human Rights Watch
by Lillian Boctor.
http://www.tadamon.ca/post/2008

In Lebanon, between 150,000 to 300,000 women work as migrant domestic workers, with approximately 100,000 having legal status in the country. In August 2008, Human Rights Watch released a report covering the period of January 1, 2007 to August 15, 2008 revealing migrant domestic workers had extremely high death tolls due to unnatural causes.

Migrant domestic workers experience harsh working conditions and
consistent workplace abuse, and currently many migrant domestic workers can be found sleeping under cars or on the ground surrounding their respective countries’ embassies in Lebanon, searching for assistance for their situations. Nadim Houry is the senior researcher at Human Rights Watch covering Lebanon and Lillian Boctor from Tadamon spoke with Houry about the situation.

Anonymous said...

Photos: Launching shoes for Iraq in Montreal
http://www.tadamon.ca/post/2144
Inspired by Iraqi journalist Muntader al-Zaidi, who launched a pair of shoes at U.S. President George W. Bush this past week in Baghdad, local activists in Montreal held a mass shoe-throwing directed at the U.S.
Consulate and the Canadian Armed Forces recruiting centre in downtown Montreal this past Saturday.

Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...

I just want too take time too thank the active members for doing what you do and making the community what it is im a long time reader and first time poster so i just wanted to say thanks.

Anonymous said...

Salut,
J'arrive tous juste sur ce forum qui m'a l'air interressant.
habitué des forum et gros contributeur, je suis interressé par votre concept.
A bientot sur le forum

Anonymous said...

Hello !

I'm new on this forum so I introduce me...

My name is Jason I'm 21 years old, I'm French.

I like: horses and dogs...

Nice to meet you

Anonymous said...

I really like your post. Will continue reading your blog. :)

Anonymous said...

Hello,

I have a inquiry for the webmaster/admin here at www.blogger.com.

Can I use part of the information from this post above if I provide a backlink back to this site?

Thanks,
Mark

Dr. Pamela Chrabieh said...

Sure Mark!

Anonymous said...

Great post, I am almost 100% in agreement with you

Anonymous said...

Good evening

Definitely gonna recommend this post to a few friends

Anonymous said...

Did you know that USA and Europe blocked Wikileaks? What do you think about it?
Thank you

Anonymous said...

Hi,

Thanks for sharing the link - but unfortunately it seems to be down? Does anybody here at pchrabieh.blogspot.com have a mirror or another source?


Thanks,
John

Dr. Pamela Chrabieh said...

I believe in freedom of speech!
There are boundaries, as long as you are not hurting other people. But who can say what are these boundaries? Visions are diversified...

Anonymous said...

Hello,

Nice to be registered on pchrabieh.blogspot.com. My little name is maxizhu ;-)

Anonymous said...

hi, good site very much appreciatted

Anonymous said...

how to crochet a hat
crochet hat
crochet afghan patterns
free crochet hat patterns
free crochet afghan patterns
crochet pattern central

My laptop got repaired and restored to factory settings from having a virus and now the headphones port isn't working. I plug in the earphones but the sound still comes through the speakers. How do I fix it? Running Windows Vista
_________________
crochet baby hats [url=http://4howtocrochet.info]learn to crochet[/url] crochet headbands

Anonymous said...

Great Community here. Keep up the good work people. Backlinks

Anonymous said...

Hi, tell me please, I am now in Germany, and my parents are in Moscow how to to pay them anything so they called me when they wanted and have not thought about the price? I found just such a an article, maybe someone has used a similar service, or heard of him? Tell me please whether this actually real?

Anonymous said...

Hello guys,

Get ready to watch Thor movie online? It is not released yet but you can watch the full movie already!

Click here to [url=http://watch-thor-online.net/]watch Thor online[/url]

Anonymous said...

Хочу представить Вашему внимаю интеренет магазин в Украине предоставляющий возможность
преобрести через интернет следующие виды товаров [url=http://stock-odezhda.com.ua/]магазин сток[/url].
Надеемся видеть Вас в числе постоянных покупателей нашего магазина наш адрес [url=http://stock-odezhda.com.ua/]stock-odezhda.com.ua[/url].
Мы будем ждать Вас!

Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...

Man .. Excellent .. Wonderful .. I will bookmark your site and take the feeds additionallyI am happy to find a lot of useful information right here within the put up, we need work out extra techniques in this regard, thanks for sharing. . . . . .

Anonymous said...

Thanks for your personal marvelous posting!

Anonymous said...

Thanks, I appreciated this weblog publish. I found this internet site using Yahoo search, as pleasingly as unquestionably had a good time reading over it, so I will probably come by once more within a few days then study on what's fresh Fabulous Piece of writing!

Before I go, permit me thank you for your understanding with my English as (I am positive you have become aware this at this time ,), English is not my first language consequently I am using Google Translate to shape out how to jot down what I truly want to write down .

Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
Anonymous said...
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.